Why are horse chestnuts poisonous?

Online Answer
Raw horse chestnut seed, leaf, bark and flower are toxic due to the presence of esculin and should not be ingested. Horse chestnut seed is classified by the FDA as an unsafe herb. The glycoside and saponin constituents are considered toxic..
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How can we distinguish horse chestnuts from sweet chestnuts?
  • The sweet chestnut's cupule, known as a "burr", is brown and has numerous long bristly spines. ...
  • Horse chestnut cupules are thick and green, with small, short, wider spaced spikes, and generally contain only one larger rounded nut.
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